El Niño and La Niña Years and Intensities Based on Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) Jan Null, CCM
Updated thru June-July-August 2024 |
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The
Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) has become the de-facto standard that NOAA uses for
classifying El Niño (warm) and La
Niña (cool) events in the
eastern tropical Pacific. It is the running 3-month mean SST anomaly for the
Niño 3.4 region (i.e., 5oN-5oS, 120o-170oW). Events are defined as 5 consecutive
overlapping 3-month periods at or above the +0.5o anomaly for warm (El
Niño) events and at or below the -0.5 anomaly for cool (La
Niña) events. The threshold is further broken down into Weak (with a 0.5 to 0.9 SST anomaly), Moderate (1.0 to 1.4),
Strong (1.5 to 1.9) and Very Strong (≥
2.0) events. For the purpose of this report for an event to be
categorized as weak, moderate, strong or very strong it must have equaled or exceeded the threshold
of the highest category for at least 3
consecutive overlapping 3-month periods. |
El Niño - 27 |
La Niña -
25 |
Weak
- 11 |
Moderate -
7 |
Strong -
6 |
Very Strong -
3 |
Weak -
12 |
Moderate -
6 |
Strong -
7 |
1952-53 |
1951-52 |
1957-58 |
1982-83 |
1954-55 |
1955-56 |
1973-74 |
1953-54 |
1963-64 |
1965-66 |
1997-98 |
1964-65 |
1970-71 |
1975-76 |
1958-59 |
1968-69 |
1972-73 |
2015-16 |
1971-72 |
1995-96 |
1988-89 |
1969-70 |
1986-87 |
1987-88 |
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1974-75 |
2011-12 |
1998-99 |
1976-77 |
1994-95 |
1991-92 |
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1983-84 |
2020-21 |
1999-00 |
1977-78 |
2002-03 |
2023-24 |
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1984-85 |
2021-22 |
2007-08 |
1979-80 |
2009-10 |
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2000-01 |
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2010-11 |
2004-05 |
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2005-06 |
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2006-07 |
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2008-09 |
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2014-15 |
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2016-17 |
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2018-19 |
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2017-18 |
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2022-23 |
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Graph - Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) 1950-present
Graph - Ocean Niño Index (ONI) 1950-1989 |
Running 3-Month Mean ONI values
https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php
WE=Weak El
Niño, ME=Moderate El
Niño, SE=Strong El
Niño,
VSE=Very Strong El Niño
WL=Weak La
Niña, ML=Moderate La
Niña, SL=Strong La
Niña
ENSO Type |
Season |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
|
1950-1951 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
ME |
1951-1952 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
WE |
1952-1953 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
WE |
1953-1954 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
WL |
1954-1955 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
ML |
1955-1956 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-1.1 |
-1.4 |
-1.7 |
-1.5 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
|
1956-1957 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
SE |
1957-1958 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
WE |
1958-1959 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
|
1959-1960 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
1960-1961 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
|
1961-1962 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
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1962-1963 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
ME |
1963-1964 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
WL |
1964-1965 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
SE |
1965-1966 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
|
1966-1967 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
|
1967-1968 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
ME |
1968-1969 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
WE |
1969-1970 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.3 |
ENSO Type |
Season |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
ML |
1970-1971 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.4 |
-1.4 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
WL |
1971-1972 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.4 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
SE |
1972-1973 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
-0.5 |
-0.9 |
SL |
1973-1974 |
-1.1 |
-1.3 |
-1.5 |
-1.7 |
-1.9 |
-2.0 |
-1.8 |
-1.6 |
-1.2 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
WL |
1974-1975 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
SL |
1975-1976 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.4 |
-1.4 |
-1.6 |
-1.7 |
-1.6 |
-1.2 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
WE |
1976-1977 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
WE |
1977-1978 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
|
1978-1979 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
WE |
1979-1980 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
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1980-1981 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.3 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
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1981-1982 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
VSE |
1982-1983 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
WL |
1983-1984 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.5 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
WL |
1984-1985 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.6 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
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1985-1986 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
ME |
1986-1987 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
SE |
1987-1988 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.9 |
-1.3 |
SL |
1988-1989 |
-1.3 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.5 |
-1.8 |
-1.8 |
-1.7 |
-1.4 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
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1989-1990 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
ENSO Type |
Season |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
|
1990-1991 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
SE |
1991-1992 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
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1992-1993 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
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1993-1994 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
ME |
1994-1995 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
ML |
1995-1996 |
-0.2 |
-0.5 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
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1996-1997 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.1 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
VSE |
1997-1998 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
-0.1 |
SL |
1998-1999 |
-0.8 |
-1.1 |
-1.3 |
-1.4 |
-1.5 |
-1.6 |
-1.5 |
-1.3 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
SL |
1999-2000 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.5 |
-1.7 |
-1.7 |
-1.4 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
WL |
2000-2001 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
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2001-2002 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
ME |
2002-2003 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
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2003-2004 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
WE |
2004-2005 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
WL |
2005-2006 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
WE |
2006-2007 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
SL |
2007-2008 |
-0.5 |
-0.8 |
-1.1 |
-1.4 |
-1.5 |
-1.6 |
-1.6 |
-1.4 |
-1.2 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.5 |
WL |
2008-2009 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
ME |
2009-2010 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
-0.1 |
-0.6 |
ENSO Type |
Season |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
SL |
2010-2011 |
-1.0 |
-1.4 |
-1.6 |
-1.7 |
-1.7 |
-1.6 |
-1.4 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
ML |
2011-2012 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
|
2012-2013 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
|
2013-2014 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
WE |
2014-2015 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
VSE |
2015-2016 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
-0.1 |
WL |
2016-2017 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
WL |
2017-2018 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
WE |
2018-2019 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
|
2019-2020 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
ML |
2020-2021 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.9 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.2 |
-1.1 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
ML |
2021-2022 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
WL |
2022-2023 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
SE |
2023-2024 |
1.1 |
1.3 |
1.6 |
1.8 |
1.9 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
1.5 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
|
2024-2025 |
0.1 |
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ENSO Type |
Season |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
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